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Scripta Manent

Hands Castelmaggiore (BO), Italy - 03/11/2023. The hands of the restorer Milena Mammoliti, an employee of the Frati & Livi restoration company and a former student of the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna, are about to restore some parchments damaged by the flood and bring them back to their original state. The delicate work requires skilled hands and knowledge accumulated during years of academic studies, in addition to the innovative techniques implemented by the company where she works.

Scripta Manent

Fiorella BaldisserribyFiorella Baldisserri
17 de May de 2025
in Portfolio

Selected in FotoDoc Photo Contest 2025

In May 2023, Emilia-Romagna, one of Italy’s most productive regions, was struck by a devastating flood caused by climate change and global warming. Four billion cubic meters of water inundated 16,000 square kilometers in two days, with 23 rivers overflowing, causing severe damage to homes, people, animals, and businesses, as well as compromising a portion of the cultural heritage.

The library of the Archdiocesan Seminary of Forlì, housing 3 kilometers of volumes from 1400 to the present, was submerged by water and mud. The specialized recovery and restoration company, Frati&Livi, stepped in to “save history.” The salvaged volumes were washed, frozen to prevent mold and fungi, and dried through sublimation.

Founded in 1975 as a bookbinding company, Frati&Livi is a European leader in the recovery and restoration of artworks. Their commitment to the rebirth of artworks contributes to the preservation of memory and a sense of community. In a context where art represents our past and serves as a bridge to the future, conservation and restoration become acts of trust in the transformative power of culture, helping to build a resilient society aware of its own history.

Mod old book Castelmaggiore (BO), Italy, November 3 2023. The restorer Haoy Jiang, an employee Frati e Livi restoration company, is preparing a flood-damaged volume for drying through lyophilization, an innovative system for the immediate recovery and safeguarding of archival and library heritage damaged by water.,
Mud gallery Forlì (FC), Italy, June 6, 2023. In the library of the VescovileSeminary, approximately 13,000 volumes from various epochs starting from the 1400s are preserved, including some precious incunabula. During the night of the flood, the entire basement was invaded by meters of water and mud. Only after several days, due to road closures caused by the flood, volunteers and the restoration company tasked with the recovery were able to access the basement, where the situation immediately appeared very dramatic. In the image, a restorer peers into the corridor of the first section of the damaged bookshelves.
Students and Pietro Livi Castelmaggiore (Bo), Italy, November 3, 2023. Pietro Livi, the owner of the restoration company Frati e Livi, acts as a lecturer in the course of Restoration of the Charter and Archival Libraries at the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna. He accompanies students in the learning process, passing on to them his skills for the restoration of valuable paper and books.
Mud books Castelmaggiore (Bo) 3/11/2023,Italy.Books covered in mud recovered and which will be carefully restored to be returned to their origin with meticulous work.
Volunteer Forlì (FC), Italy – June 6, 2023. During the May 2023 flood, even the Municipal Archives of Forlì were submerged in water and covered in mud, involving approximately 65,000 volumes. Volunteers tirelessly worked for almost two months to recover the documents, ranging from recent records to historical pieces.
Restoration Castelmaggiore (Bo), Italy, November 3, 2023. At the Frati e Livi headquarters, the restoration of ancient books damaged by weather events or extreme situations is managed with the utmost professionalism by highly qualified staff and experienced restorers.
Papers 3/11/2023 Castelmaggiore ItalyFrati and Livi use specialized papers for restoration, including Kozo and Shifu, both Japanese, for their strength and versatility. These papers are ideal for repairing and reinforcing works on paper without damaging them. Handmade Italian papers and acid-free papers are also used to ensure long-term preservation. Each material is chosen to be compatible and reversible, respecting the integrity of the restored object.
Orogel Cesena (FC), Italy – June 23, 2023. The books, recovered from the mud and after a quick wash, were promptly wrapped in bags and placed in bins, special green containers, to be transported to the refrigerated cells of a freezing company. Here, they will be kept at constant temperatures below 25 degrees, preventing the formation of mold and mildew in the first 24 hours. The next step is about drying and restoring. The freezing company has made the cells available for free for this emergency.
Restoration Castelmaggiore (Bo) 18/7/2023,Italy.Milena Mammoliti restorer studies the parchment page of an ancient book to restore the ruined parts with new Japanese washi paper.
Gym June 8, 2023, Episcopal Seminary of Forlì, Italy. Also, the seminary’s gymnasium was flooded like the library. The water reached a height of 2 meters, and access was not possible for days. All the materials inside were covered in mud.
Washing Forlì (FC), Italy. June 6, 2023. Library of the Seminary of Bishop of Forlì. A Bologna company has developed innovative systems for the recovery and restoration of books and works of art damaged by mud and water during floods. The first step is to wash them. Here, the staff spent days gently removing the mud from the saved books, using running water. Immediately after washing, the books are carefully wrapped in bags and quickly transported to freezer cells to undergo the freezing process. At a later time they will be taken to the headquarters of the restoring company for sublimation, where they will go directly from a solid state (gliaccio) to a state of steam (water removal). And finally, missing parts will be restored with special cards.
Submarine Books Wind 1 Wind” is the brainchild of Pietro Livi, owner of the Frati & Livi company, specialized in recovery and restoration, which in 2023 distinguished itself as the first in Italy to adopt this innovative lyophilization system for the care of paper and books. Inside yellow tube, the water trapped in the pages of the books is extracted, frozen, and then gently evaporated through the heating of the treatment chamber, never passing through the solid state, in a space where a controlled vacuum is created. The process precisely follows the stages of freezing, evaporation (sublimation), and condensation. The “Books Wind” allows for efficient, safe, and effective drying of large quantities of documents, also helping to prevent mold formation and protect against the presence of insects.
Washi paper Castel Maggiore (Bo), Italy, 3 novembre 23 Haoy Jiang, a restorer and employee of a major restoration company in Bologna, shows Pietro Livi, the owner, the paper used to restore the pages of an ancient book previously recovered from the mud. “Washi” is a traditional Japanese paper known for its durability, lightness, and flexibility. Made with artisanal techniques, it is used for its ability to delicately repair and reinforce damaged parts without compromising the readability of the material. This precious paper is produced using plant fibers such as kozo, mitsumata, and gampi.
Ariosto Castel maggiore BO Italy 18 July 2023 Frati & Livi, a leader in Europe in the restoration and recovery sector, has a dedicated department for digitization. The digitization of books is a process in which the contents of physical books are converted into digital format through page scanning. This process offers several advantages, including accessibility from digital devices, long-term preservation, ease of search and indexing, quick sharing, and inclusivity for people with visual impairments. Numerous institutions and libraries are adopting digitization to preserve and make their book archives accessible.

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Fiorella Baldisserri

Fiorella Baldisserri

Fiorella Baldisserri, with a classical education background and a passion for art in all its forms, is a freelance photographer based in Bologna. Since 2016, she has attended courses on the history of photography and completed a one-year masterclass in photojournalism in Rome. She has been published in various national and international magazines: L'Inkiesta, Il Reportage, Stern, Eltern, Photovogue, Famiglia Cristiana, Corriere, Elle, Erodoto108, Il Fotografo, SDN, ND, MC Magazine, Witness Journal, Eye of Photography, Repubblica, Il Resto del Carlino. She has exhibited her work in Olbia, Bologna, Rome, Lodi, Trieste, Palermo, Barcelona, Tbilisi, Sofia, and Tokyo Casale Monferrato . One of her projects was included in Cortona On The Move - The Covid-19 Visual Project. Since 2017, she has received several awards in international competitions: Julia Margaret Cameron, BIFA, Fotografia Etica, TIFA, PX3, IPA, Phodar Biennale, Kolga, MIFA, Musa Fotografia, Roma Fotografia, ASA Project, ND Awards, Annual Ph.A,Refocus, Closer, Bresciani Visual Art, Belfast Ph.A.

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